The Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) is the primary retirement system for U.S. federal civilian employees hired after 1983. It is a three-part retirement structure designed to provide income during retirement through a combination of pension benefits, personal savings, and Social Security.
FERS Pension (Basic Benefit Plan)
A defined benefit pension based on years of service and highest average salary.
Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)
A tax-advantaged retirement savings plan similar to a 401(k).
Social Security Benefits
Federal employees under FERS contribute to and receive Social Security benefits.
Most federal civilian employees hired on or after January 1, 1984, are covered under FERS. Eligibility for retirement benefits depends on age, years of service, and vesting status.
Employees are vested in the FERS pension after 5 years of creditable service.
Employee contributions are always vested. Agency automatic contributions typically vest after 3 years (or 2 years for certain roles).
Your Minimum Retirement Age (MRA) depends on your year of birth and typically ranges between 55 and 57.
Leaving federal service too early—or without understanding vesting—can significantly impact retirement income.